A composite metal containing, two or more layers that have been bonded together. The bonding may have been accomplished by co-rolling, co-extrusion, welding, diffusion bonding, casting, heavy chemical deposition, heavy electroplating, or explosive claddin ...

Splitting (fracture) of a crystal on a crystallographic plane of' low index.

A fracture, usually of' polycrystalline metal, in which most of the grains have failed by cleavage, resulting in bright reflecting facets. It is associated with low-energy brittle fracture.

A type of weld cracking that usually occurs below 203

Deforming metal plastically under conditions of temperature and strain rote that induce strain hardening. Usually, hut not necessarily, conducted at room temperature. Contrast with hot working.

The part of the total carbon in steel or cast iron that is present as other than free carbon.

The formation of complex chemical species by the coordination of groups of atoms termed ligands to a central ion, commonly a metal ion. Generally, the ligand coordinates by providing a pair of electrons that forms an ionic or covalent bond to the central ...

Pertaining to forces on a body or part of a body that tend to crush or compress the body.

The maximum compressive stress a material is capable of developing. With a brittle material that fails in compression by fracturing, the compressive strength has a definite value. In the case of ductile, malleable, or semiviscous materials (which do not f ...

A stress that causes an elastic body to deform (shorten) in the direction of the applied load. Contrast with tensile stress.

An electrolytic cell, the electromotive force of which is caused by a difference in concentration of some component in the electrolyte. This difference leads to the formation of discrete cathode and anode regions.

That portion of the polarization of a cell produced by concentration changes resulting from passage of' current through the electrolyte.

The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. Also called electrical conductivity or specific conductance.

A term primarily used in Europe to describe galvanic corrosion between dissimilar metals.

A metal plating process wherein the plating current is provided by galvanic action between the work metal and a second metal, without the use of an external source of current.

The potential difference at the junction of two dissimilar substances.

A metallic connection that provides electrical continuity between metal structures.

A coating consisting of' a compound of the surface metal, produced by chemical or electrochemical treatments of the metal. Examples include chromate coatings on zinc, cadmium, magnesium, and aluminum and oxide and phosphate coatings on steel. See also chr ...

A compound with a central atom or ion bound to a group of ions or molecules surrounding it. Also called coordination complex. See also chelate, complexation, and ligand.

An accelerated corrosion test for some electrodeposits for anodic coatings on aluminum.