General term for any device that measures precipitation: principally a rain gauge or snow gauge.

A hypothetical body which absorbs some constant fraction, between zero and one, of all electromagnetic radiation incident upon it, which fraction is the absorptivity and is independent of wavelength. Compare to black body, white body.

A high-altitude sounding system consisting of a small solid- propellant research rocket carried aloft by a large plastic balloon. The rocket is fired near the maximum altitude of the balloon flight.

Downward scattered and reflected solar radiation, coming from the whole hemisphere with the exception of the solid angle of the sun's disc on a surface perpendicular to the axis of this cone.

See calorie.

A technique for making winds aloft observations in which two theodolites located at either end of a baseline follow the ascent of a pilot balloon. Synchronous measurements of the elevation and azimuth angles of the balloon. taken at periodic intervals, pe ...

The volume of liquid water evaporated per unit area in unit time. usually measured as the depth of liquid water lost per unit time from the whole area.

check chamber-A chamber use to check the sensing elements of radiosonde equipment.

A measure of the intrinsic luminous intensity emitted by a source in a given direction. Luminance is a measure only of light. The comparable term for electromagnetic radiation in general is radiance.

Determined by weighing a special type of wooden stick that has been exposed in the woods, its weight being proportional to its contained water.

In general, solar radiation received at the earth's surface. Contracted from incoming solar radiation.

meter-An instrument for measuring the transmissivity of the atmosphere; a type of transmissometer. It consists of a constant- intensity collimated light source located at a suitable distance from a photoelectric cell. Variation in the turbidity of the atm ...

Read Only Memory. A memory that cannot be altered in normal use of a computer, Usually used to store information permanently, such as firmware programs.

A small, limited-capacity central processing unit contained entirely on one semiconductor chip.

Rate of flow of water past a point in a stream, expressed as volume per unit time, i.e. cubic feet per second.

Electromagnetic radiation lying in the wavelength interval between 0.8 micron and I millimeter. At the lower limit of this interval, the infrared radiation spectrum is bounded by visible radiation, while on its upper limit it is bounded by microwave radia ...

Solar and terrestrial radiation directed downwards (towards the earth's surface); incoming radiation.

An anemometer which measures wind speed in terms of the drag which the wind exerts on a solid body. See bridled-cup anemometer, normal-plate anemometer, pendulum anemometer.

A line drawn through geographical points having the same pluvial index.

Same as an upper air observation, but commonly used to refer to a single complete radiosonde observation.