A layer of dust built up on an air filter.

Lying nearly head to wind and stopped, and maintaining this position by trimming sail or working engines.

Energy which a substance possesses because of the motion and configuration of its atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles.

A large reinforced eye in the leech and clew of a sail that allows a line to fasten to it; e.g., the reef cringle and clew cringle.

A small projection of land.

On a square-rigged ship, the short pieces of line which hang from the yards and support the footropes on which the topmen stand while working aloft on the sails.

Wheeled under-carriage on which a container or chassis may be placed.

A schematic flow sheet showing all controls involved with the system.

Bread that was supplied to ships before bakeries were introduced on board.

The difference between the diameter of a shaft rod, etc., and that of the hole in which it works.

The most important commercial measurement when the intrinsic weight of the cargo is so low that the ship becomes full without being loaded to the cargo line. Is expressed in cubic metres or cubic feet.

The pressure measured in a flowing stream (liquid or gas) in such a manner that no effect on the measurement is produced by the velocity of the stream.

Steps in the compression of a gas, In reciprocating compressors, each stage usually requires a separate cylinder, in dynamic compressors, each requires a separate rotor disc.

A change made either in the route of a shipment in transit (see Reconsignment) or of the entire ship.

In a square rigged ship, the act of hauling the head sheets to windward and laying the head-yards flat aback in order to bring the ships head out of the wind while tacking. This is done when helm action alone is insufficient.

Beams sometimes fitted over the decks for the stowage of heavy boats or cargo.

(1) A navigator shoots the sun by using a sextant to measure its altitude. (2) A sailing vessel shoots when she forges ahead to windward with her sails luffing.

A form requiring all data in a commercial invoice along with a certificate of value and/or a certificate of origin. Required in a few countries (usually former British territories) and usually serves as a seller's commercial invoice.

Machines in which compression is effected by the positive action of rotating elements.

(1) A false keel. (2) The projection of the keel abaft the stern frame where the spindle of the rudder rests.