![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The potential of an electrode measured with respect to a reference electrode or another electrode when no current flows to or from it.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The maximum possible voltage across a photovoltaic cell; the voltage across the cell in sunlight when no current is flowing.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
A heating system, such as a solar water heater or geothermal heatpump, in which the working fluid is heated and used directly; in an open-loop solar system, the domestic water is circulated in the collector loop.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
Conditions to which a device is subjected, not including the variable measured by the device. See normal operating conditions, reference operating conditions.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The processes that a work input/output system undergoes and in which the initial and final states are identical.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The change in a performance characteristic caused by a change in a specified operating condition from reference operating condition, all other conditions being held within the limits of reference operating conditions.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
A comparison of a carrier's operating expense with its net sales. The most general measure of operating efficiency.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The limiting values of ceiling, visibility, and wind, or runway visual range, established as safety minimum for aircraft landings and take-offs.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The highest level of cube utilization that can be achieved when loading cargo into a container.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
A bill of lading term to provide surrender of the original bill of lading before freight is released; usually associated with a shipment covered under a letter of credit.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
The beginning grade for members of the deck department. The next step is able bodied seaman.
![](https://www.marineterms.com/media/com_mtree/images/noimage_thb.png)
Being or composed of hydrocarbons or their derivatives, or matter of plant or animal origin. Contrast with inorganic.