The permanent (inelastic) distortion of metals under applied stresses that strain the material beyond its elastic limit.

The reaction of a metal or alloy with a sulfur-containing species to produce a sulfur compound that forms on or beneath the surface on the metal or alloy.

A buried item, such as junk steel or graphite rods, that serves as the anode for the cathodic protection of pipelines or other buried structures. See also deep groundbed.

Same as bipolar electrode.

A multiplying factor for applied stress that allows for the presence of a structural discontinuity such as a notch or hole; Kt equals the ratio of the greatest stress in the region of the discontinuity to the nominal stress for the entire section. Also ca ...

Ferrire that is formed directly from the decomposition of hypoeutectoid austenite during cooling, without the simultaneous formation of cementite. Also called proeutectoid ferrite.

See embrittlement.

Heating an alloy to a suitable temperature, holding at that temperature long enough to cause one or more constituents to enter into solid solution, and then cooling rapidly enough to hold these constituents in solution.

Discontinuities in ci coating (suchasporosity, cracks, gape. and similar Bawd) that allow areas of base metal to be exposed to any corrosive environment that contacts the coated surface.

The component of either a liquid or solid solution that is present to a lesser or minor extent: the component that is dissolved in thesolution.

Any metallic structure that is not intended as part of a cathodic protection system of interest.

A process resulting in adecrease of the toughness or ductility of a metal due to the presence of atomic hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement has been recognized classically as being of two types. The first known as internal hydrogen embrittlement, occurs when ...

See hydrogen embrittlement.

See hydrogen embrittlement.

The technique for varying the potential of an electrode in a continuous manner at a preset rate.

The reciprocal of polarization resistance (di/dE).

Plastic deformation by the irreversible shear displacement (translation) of one part of a crystal relative to another in a definite crystallographic direction and usually on a specific crystallographic plane. Sometimes called glide.

The heavy oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals.

A chemical substance or combination of substances that, when present in the environment, prevents or reduces corrosion without significant reaction with the components of the environment.

Removing surface oxides from metals by chemical or electrochemical reaction. Pickling is the removal of any high temperature scale and any adjacent low chromium layer of metal from the surface of stainless steel by chemical means. Where the steel has b ...