Iron or steel straps fastened diagonally across a ship's frames to make a rigid framework.

A switching railroad operating within a commercial area.

When the two blocks of a tackle have been drawn as close together as possible.

Sailor's songs sung in the forecastle when the men of a watch were off duty. These were sung for entertainment, thus they were not shanties.

Maritime area usually specified by range of ports in which a vessel may operate

Laying up of a vessel, in a dock, for repairs.

The penalty a seller must pay if the construction project does not meet contractual standards or deadlines.

An imaginary line around the center of the earth at 0

An extra or additional charge.

The place to which a shipment is consigned.- The place where carrier actually turns over cargo to consignee or his agent.

In a line parallel to the ship's keel.

A buoy on the race course around which boats must turn.

A single complete operation consisting of progressive phases starting and ending at the neutral position.

In the direction the wind is blowing. A boat sailing downwind, away from the wind source with the sails let out all the way, is running with the wind.

A line running from the stern of the boat to a dock or pier when moored.

To fasten a rope securely by taking turns around a cleat or bollard.

Abbreviation for Export-Import Bank of the United States. An independent U.S. Government Agency which facilitates exports of U.S. goods by providing loan guarantees and insurance for repayment of bank-provided export credit.

Putting cargo into a container.

Successive shipments are permitted under letters of credit. Usually they must take place within a given period of time.

The mark stencilled in and painted on a ship's side, designated by a circle and horizontal lines to mark the highest permissible load water lines under different conditions.