A set of rules or conventions used to standardize data transfer between devices.

Generally, an instrument designed to measure or estimate the blueness of the sky. See Linke-scale.

The element directly responsive to the value of the measured variable.

The rising of cold water from the deeper areas of the ocean to the surface. This phenomena often occurs along the California coast during the spring and summer.

An atmometer which uses a filter paper disc as the evaporating element. The amount of water evaporated through the paper is read at the graduated tube reservoir.

Abbreviation for binary digit. The smallest unit of information, equal to one binary decision, i.e. 1/0, on/off, yes/no.

A large plastic constant-level balloon for duration flying (in excess of 24 hours) at altitudes above 40,000 feet, used for the determination of wind fields and the measurement of upper atmospheric parameters.

The mass density of a parcel of air expressed in units of mass per volume.

A type of pressure-plate anemometer in which the plate, restrained by a stiff spring, is held perpendicular to the wind. The wind-activated motion of the plate is measured electrically. The natural frequency of this system can be made high enough so that ...

See constant-level balloon.

An instrument resulting from the combination of a thermograph and a hygrograph and furnishing, on the same chart, simultaneous time recording of ambient temperature and humidity.

See evaporation pan.

The difference between downward and upward (total) radiation; net flux of all radiation.

A defective maximum thermometer of the liquid-inglass type in which the mercury flows too freely through the constriction. Such a thermometer will indicate a maximum temperature that is too low.

The process of modifying some characteristic of a wave (the carrier) so that it varies in step with the instantaneous value of another wave (the modulating wave) in order to transmit a message. The modified characteristic may be frequency, phase, and/or a ...

In the direction from which the wind is blowing.

Any conventional barometer fitted with an extended scale so that atmospheric pressure measurements may be made at both high and low altitudes.

An aneroid barograph designed to record atmospheric pressure variations of very small magnitude.

An instrument used to measure changes in the level of the water in an evaporation pan. The gauge is normally placed in a Stillwell and adjusted so that the point of the hook just breaks the water surface. The change in water level is read on the attached ...

An instrument that automatically records pressure and temperature.