One of the group of l5 chemically similar metals with atomic numbers 57 through 7l, commonly referred to as the lanthanides.

See mixed potential.

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; The negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion activity; it denotes the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution. At 25

An assembly, consisting of a vessel, electrodes, and an electrolyte, in which electrolysis can be carried out.

(1) A molecular structure in which a heterocyclic ring can he formed by the unshared electrons of neighboring atoms. (2) A coordination compound in which a heterocyclic ring is formed by a metal bound to two atoms of the associated ligand. See also comple ...

A chemical compound with one or more carboxyl radicals (COOH) in its structure; examples are butyric acid, CH3(CH2)2COOH; maleic acid, HOOCCH-CHCOOH; and benzoic acid, C6H5COOH.

An index calculated from total dissolved solids, calcium concentration, total alkalinity, pH and solution temperature that shows the tendency of a water solution to precipitate or dissolve calcium carbonate.

Introducing nitrogen into the surface layer of a solid ferrous alloy by holding at a suitable temperature (below Ac1 for ferritic steels) in contact with a nitrogenous material, usually ammonia or molten cyanide of appropriate composition. Quenching is no ...

Water that contains certain salts, such as those of calcium or magnesium, which form insoluble deposits in boilers and form precipitates with soap.

Pertaining to forces on a body or part of a body that tend to crush or compress the body.

See cathodic protection.

To coat a metal surface with zinc using any of various processes.

An electrode immersed in a suitable electrolyte, designed for measurements of electrode potential; A pure metal in contact with a solution of known concentration of its own ion, at a specific temperature develops a potential which is characteristic and re ...

System consisting of one or more metals and all parts of the environment that influence corrosion.

That portion of the polarization of a cell produced by concentration changes resulting from passage of' current through the electrolyte.

Accelerated corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive electrolyte.

Particles of foreign material in a metallic matrix. The particles are usually compounds (such as oxides, sulfides, or silicates), but may be of any substance that is foreign to (and essentially insoluble in) the matrix.

A reference electrode composed of mercury, mercurous chloride (calomel), and a saturated aqueous chloride solution.

Interfacial reaction equivalent to a transfer of charge between electronic and ionic conductors. See also anodic reaction and cathodic reaction.

Modification of a corrosion system so that corrosion damage is mitigated.