The lowest value of oxidizing potential at which pits nucleate and grow. It is dependent on the test method used.

(1) An iron mineral crystallizing in therhombohedral system; the most important oreof iron. (2) An iron oxide, Fe,O,, corrcsponding to an iron content of approximately 70%.

The relative humidity above which the atmospheric corrosion rate of some metals increases sharply.

A chemical substance or mixture that prevents or reduces the rate of the cathodic or reduction reaction by physical, physico-chemical or chemical action.

The formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny voids or cavities within a liquid subjected to rapid and intense pressure changes. Cavitation produced by ultrasonic radiation is sometimes used to effect violent localized agitation. Cavitation ...

The partial derivative of the total electrochemical free energy of a constituent with respect to the number of moles of this constituent where all factors are kept constant. It is analogous to the chemical potential of a constituent except that it include ...

One or more anodes installed vertically at a nominal depth of 15 m (50 ft) or more below the earth's surface in a drilled hole for the purpose of supplying cathodic protection for an underground or submerged metallic structure. See also groundbed.

Heating a metal or alloy to such a high temperature that its properties are impaired. When the original properties cannot be restored by further heat treating, by mechanical working, or by a combination of working and heat treating, the overheating is kno ...

Seawater containing a higher concentration of dissolved salt than that of the ordinary ocean.

The mass of a unit volume of a gas at a stated temperature and pressure.

Any interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part, such as cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, or porosity. A discontinuity may or may not affect the usefulness of the part.

The selective leaching or corrosion of a specific constituent (Al, Ni, Mo, Ni) from an alloy.

Electrolytic cleaning in which the work is the cathode.

A change in dimensions directly proportional to and in phase with an increase or decrease in applied force.

A term generally applied to paints to describe holidays, holes, and skips in a film. Also used to describe shrinkage in castings and weld.

The fracture toughness determined under dynamic loading conditions; it is used as an approximation of KIc for very tough materials.

Change of electrode potential with respect to a reference value. Often the free corrosion potential is used as the reference value. The change may be caused, for example, by the application of an external electrical current or by the addition of an oxidan ...

Corrosion resulting from an electrochemical cell caused by a thermal gradient.

The current density, often referred to as limiting current density, that corresponds to the maximum transfer rate that a particular species can sustain because of the limitation of diffusion.

(1) Injection of air or water under high pressure through a tube to the anode area for the purpose of purging the annular space and possibly correcting high resistance caused by gas blocking. (2) In connection with boilers or cooling towers, the process o ...