Wind with a speed between 17 and 21 knots (19 and 24 mph); Beaufort scale number 5.

Any and all forms of water particles, liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground.

The indicating part of an instrument. For example, the hand of a watch or the meniscus of a mercury column.

A local variation of the wind vector or any of its components in a given direction.

The actual lifting force of an inflated balloon, usually expressed in grams.

The value of atmospheric pressure to which the scale of a pressure altimeter is set so as to indicate airport elevation. The altimeter setting is included as part of an aviation weather observation.

The transducer of any hygrometer, i.e. that part of a hygrometer that quantitatively "senses" atmospheric water vapor.

The difference between the solar radiation directed downward and upward; net flux of solar radiation.

Wind with a speed between 48 and 55 knots (55 and 63 mph), Beaufort scale number 10.

A hypothetical body which absorbs some constant fraction, between zero and one, of all electromagnetic radiation incident upon it, which fraction is the absorptivity and is independent of wavelength. Compare to black body, white body.

An instrument for taking photographs of an image of the sun in monochromatic light.

A box-like structure designed to protect certain meteorological instruments from exposure to direct sunlight, precipitation, and condensation, while at the same time providing adequate ventilation. Instrument shelters are painted white, have louvered side ...

The wind speed and direction at various levels in the atmosphere above the level reached by surface weather observations.

The total electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. About 99.9 percent of its energy output falls within the wavelength interval from 0. 15 microns to 4.0 microns, with peak intensity near 0.47 microns. About one-half of the total energy in the solar ...

A curve showing the variation of temperature with height in the free air. See lapse rate.

The physical exposure of an instrument. The effect of immediate environment upon the representativeness of the measurements obtained by meteorological instruments is considerable and not always correctable. The purpose of the instrument shelter is to prov ...

The process by which water in plants is transferred as water vapor to the atmosphere. Also, the amount of water so transferred.

Name sometimes given to a transmissometer.

A hygrometer which includes an arrangement for the time recording of atmospheric humidity.

Same as pitot tube.