A set of weekly colored rainbow arcs sometimes discernable inside a primary rainbow.

The water volume within a specified portion of a stream channel.

A unit of signaling speed representing the number of code elements sent per second; often, bits per second.

Wind with a speed between 34 and 40 knots (39 and 46 mph); Beaufort scale number 8.

The envelope of air surrounding the earth and bound to it more or less permanently by virtue of the earth's gravitational attraction. The system whose chemical Properties. dynamic motions, and physical processes constitute the subject matter of meteorolog ...

An evaluation of upper air temperature, pressure, and humidity from radio signals received from a balloon- borne radiosonde.

An instrument designed to measure the effect of sunlight on evaporation from plant foliage. It consists of a porous clay atmometer whose surface has been blackened so that it absorbs radiant energy.

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution. The range of the variable is divided into class intervals for which the frequency of occurrence is represented by a rectangular column. The height of the column is proportional to the frequency of ob ...

An instrument, located at the surface observing station, which is used to record the data presented by a radiosonde aloft.

The difference between downward and upward (total) radiation; net flux of all radiation.

A numbering system using a base number of 2 and having only two digits: 0 and 1. The fundamental system of representing information with electrical pulses.

A wind blowing in a direction opposite to the heading of a moving object, thus opposing the object's intended progress; the opposite of a tailwind.

A clock-driven instrument mounting which automatically and continuously points in the direction of the sun. It is used with a pyrheliometera,hen continuous direct solar radiation measurements are required.

A graduated scale placed in a position so that the stage of a stream may be read directly from it. Staff gauges may be placed on bridge piers or pilings, etc., or placed on specially constructed supports.

The group of bits which a computer processes as a unit; often, 8 bits.

The difference between the true value of some quantity and its observed value. Every observation is subject to certain errors. Systematic errors affect the whole of a series of observations in nearly the same way. For example, the scale of an instrument m ...

Solar radiation of selected wavelengths.

Name sometimes given to a transmissometer.

An instrument which automatically records the measurement of two or more meteorological elements.

A photometer which measures the intensity of radiation as a function of the frequency (or wavelength) of the radiation.